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[[Image:Meissner effect.jpg|thumb|300px|right|A [[magnet]] levitating above a [[high-temperature superconductor]] demonstrates the [[Meissner effect]].]]
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[[Image:ADN static.png|thumb|right|160px|Representation of [[DNA]], which determines the genetic makeup of all life. Discovered in the 1950s, each strand of DNA is a chain of [[nucleotides]], matching each other in the center to form what look like rungs on a twisted ladder. Today, the [[human genome project]] has succeed in mapping virtually all of the important [[genes]], which are specific parts of DNA]]


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'''Science''' (from the Latin ''scientia'', '[[knowledge]]'), in the broadest sense, refers to any [[system|systematic]] knowledge or [[practice]].<ref>http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/science Merriam Webster definition of science, Retrieved September 12, 2007 "2 a : a department of systematized knowledge as an object of study <the science of theology> b : something (as a sport or technique) that may be studied or learned like systematized knowledge <have it down to a science>"</ref> In a more restricted sense, science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on the [[scientific method]], as well as to the organized body of knowledge gained through such [[research]].<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=science "science" defined by various dictionaries at "reference.com"]</ref><ref name="Popper 3">{{Harvard citation|Popper|1959|p=3}}</ref> This article focuses on the more restricted use of the word. 
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Fields of science are commonly classified along two major lines:
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*[[Natural science]]s, which study [[natural]] phenomena (including [[Biology|biological life]]), and
*[[Social sciences]], which study [[human behavior]] and [[Society|societies]].
These groupings are [[empirical]] sciences, which means the knowledge must be based on [[Observation|observable]] [[phenomena]] and capable of being [[experiment]]ed for its [[validity]] by other researchers working under the same conditions.<ref name="Popper 20">{{Harvard citation|Popper|1959|p=20}}</ref>


[[Mathematics]], which is sometimes classified within a third group of science called [[formal science]], has both similarities and differences with the natural and social sciences.<ref name="Popper 3" /> It is similar to [[empirical]] sciences in that it involves an objective, careful and systematic study of an area of knowledge; it is different because of its method of verifying its knowledge, using [[A priori and a posteriori (philosophy)|a priori]] rather than empirical methods.<ref name="Popper 10">{{Harvard citation|Popper|1959|pp=10–11}}</ref> Formal science, which also includes [[statistics]] and [[logic]], is vital to the empirical sciences. Major advances in formal science have often led to major advances in the physical and biological sciences. The formal sciences are essential in the formation of [[hypotheses]], [[theories]], and [[physical law|laws]],<ref name="Popper 79">{{Harvard citation|Popper|1959|pp=79–82}}</ref> both in discovering and describing how things work (natural sciences) and how people think and act (social sciences).
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Science as discussed in this article is sometimes termed [[experimental science]] to differentiate it from [[applied science]], which is the application of scientific research to specific human needs, though the two are often interconnected.
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==Etymology==
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The word '''science''' comes through the [[Old French]], and is derived from the [[Latin]] word {{lang|la|''scientia''}} for [[knowledge]], which in turn comes from {{lang|la|''scio''}}, "I know". The [[Proto-Indo-European root|Proto-Indo-European]] (PIE) root that yields ''scio'' is ''*skei-'', and it means "cut, separate, or discern". Other words from the same root include [[Sanskrit]] {{transl|sa|''chyati''}}, "he cuts off", [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{transl|grc|''schizo''}}, "I split" (hence English ''schism'', ''schizophrenia''), Latin {{lang|la|''scindo''}}, "I split" (hence English ''rescind'').<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=science&searchmode=none Etymology of "science" at Etymology Online].  See also details of the  PIE root at [http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE464.html American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', 4th edition, 2000.].</ref> From the [[Middle Ages]] to the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]], ''science'' or ''scientia'' meant any systematic recorded knowledge.<ref>{{cite book
| first=Neville | last=MacMorris | year=1989
| title=The Natures of Science | pages=pp. 31&ndash;33
| publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press
| location=New York | id=ISBN 0838633218 }}</ref> ''Science'' therefore had the same sort of very broad meaning that ''[[philosophy]]'' had at that time. In other languages, including French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian, the word corresponding to ''science'' also carries this meaning.


From classical times until the advent of the modern era, "philosophy" was roughly divided into [[natural philosophy]] and [[moral philosophy]]. In the 1800s, the term ''natural philosophy'' gradually gave way to the term ''[[natural science]]''. Natural science was gradually specialized to its current domain, which typically includes the [[physical science]]s and [[biological science]]s. The [[social sciences]], inheriting portions of the realm of moral philosophy, are currently also included under the auspices of science to the extent that these disciplines use [[empirical method]]s. As currently understood, [[moral philosophy]] still retains the study of [[ethics]], regarded as a branch of philosophy.
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Today, the primary meaning of "science" is generally limited to [[empirical]] science involving use of the scientific method.<ref>See, e.g. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/science]. The first usage, which is fairly representative of standard dictionaries today, describes science as: "'''a.''' The observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of phenomena. '''b.''' Such activities restricted to a class of natural phenomena.  '''c.''' Such activities applied to an object of inquiry or study." From the American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2003</ref> Examples of the broader use include political science and computer science, which are named according to an older and more general use of the word "science".
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==Scientific method==
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[[Image:Bohr model.svg|thumb|250px|The [[Bohr model]] of the [[atom]], like many ideas in the [[history of science]], was at first prompted by and later partially disproved by experiment.]]
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The [[scientific method]] seeks to explain the events of [[nature]] in a [[reproducible]] way, and to use these reproductions to make useful [[prediction]]s. It is done through observation of natural phenomena, and/or through experimentation that tries to simulate natural events under controlled conditions. It provides an objective process to find solutions to problems in a number of scientific and technological fields. Often [[scientist]]s have a preference for one outcome over another, and scientists are conscientious that it is important that this preference does not bias their interpretation. A strict following of the scientific method attempts to minimize the influence of a scientist's bias on the outcome of an experiment. This can be achieved by correct experimental design, and a thorough peer review of the experimental results as well as conclusions of a study.
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In summary '''Science'''=[[Logic]]+Observation


Scientists use ''[[Scientific modeling|models]]'' to refer to a description or depiction of something, specifically one which can be used to make predictions that can be tested by experiment or observation. A ''[[hypothesis]]'' is a contention that has been neither well supported nor yet ruled out by experiment. A ''[[theory (science)|theory]]'', in the context of science, is a logically self-consistent model or framework for describing the behavior of certain natural phenomena.  A theory typically describes the behavior of much broader sets of phenomena than a hypothesis—commonly, a large number of hypotheses may be logically bound together by a single theory. A ''[[physical law]]'' or ''law of nature'' is a scientific generalization based on a sufficiently large number of empirical observations that it is taken as fully verified.
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Scientists never claim absolute knowledge of nature or the behavior of the subject of the field of study.  Unlike a mathematical proof, a scientific theory is [[empirical]], and is always open to [[falsifiability|falsification]], if new evidence is presented. Even the most basic and fundamental theories may turn out to be imperfect if new observations are inconsistent with them. Critical to this process is making every relevant aspect of research publicly available, which permits peer review of published results, and also allows ongoing review and repeating of experiments and observations by multiple researchers operating independently of one another. Only by fulfilling these expectations can it be determined how reliable the experimental results are for potential use by others.
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Isaac Newton's Newtonian [[mechanics|law of gravitation]] is a famous example of an established law that was later found not to be universal—it does not hold in experiments involving motion at speeds close to the speed of light or in close proximity of strong gravitational fields. Outside these conditions, Newton's Laws remain an excellent model of motion and gravity. Since general relativity accounts for all the same phenomena that Newton's Laws do and more, general relativity is now regarded as a more comprehensive theory.
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Karl Popper denied the existence of evidence<ref>''Logik der Forschung'', new appendix ''*XIX'' (not yet available in the English edition ''Logic of scientific discovery'')</ref> and of scientific method.<ref>Karl Popper: On the non-existence of scientific method. ''Realism and the Aim of Science'' (1983)</ref> Popper holds that there is only one universal method, the negative method of trial and error. It covers not only all products of the human mind, including science, mathematics, philosophy, art and so on, but also the evolution of life.<ref>Karl Popper: ''Objective Knowledge'' (1972)</ref>
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== Philosophy of science==
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The philosophy of science seeks to understand the nature and justification of scientific knowledge and its ethical implications. It has proven difficult to provide a definitive [[Scientific method#Philosophical issues|account of the scientific method]] that can decisively serve to distinguish science from non-science. Thus there are legitimate arguments about exactly where the borders are. There is nonetheless a set of core precepts that have broad consensus among published philosophers of science and within the [[scientific community]] at large. (see: [[Problem of demarcation#Demarcation in contemporary scientific method|Problem of demarcation]])
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Science is reasoned-based analysis of [[sensation]] upon our awareness. As such, the scientific method cannot deduce anything about the realm of [[reality]] that is beyond what is observable by existing or theoretical means. When a manifestation of our reality previously considered [[supernatural]] is understood in the terms of causes and consequences, it acquires a scientific explanation.
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Resting on reason and logic, along with other guidelines such as [[parsimony]], scientific theories are formulated and repeatedly tested by analyzing how the collected evidence compares to the theory. Some of the findings of science can be very [[counter-intuitive]]. [[Atomic theory]], for example, implies that a granite boulder which appears a heavy, hard, solid, grey object is actually a combination of subatomic [[Particle physics|particles]] with none of these properties, moving very rapidly in space where the mass is concentrated in a very small fraction of the total volume. Many of humanity's [[folk physics|preconceived notions]] about the workings of the [[universe]] have been challenged by new scientific discoveries. [[Quantum mechanics]], particularly, examines phenomena that seem to defy our most basic postulates about causality and fundamental understanding of the world around us. Science is the branch of knowledge dealing with people and the understanding we have of our environment and how it works.
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There are different schools of thought in the philosophy of scientific method. [[Methodological naturalism]] maintains that scientific investigation must adhere to [[empirical]] study and independent verification as a process for properly developing and evaluating natural explanations for [[observation|observable]] phenomena. Methodological naturalism, therefore, rejects [[supernatural]] explanations, [[Appeal to authority|arguments from authority]] and biased [[observational studies]]. [[Critical rationalism]] instead holds that unbiased observation is not possible and a demarcation between natural and supernatural explanations is arbitrary; it instead proposes [[falsifiability]] as the landmark of empirical theories and falsification as the universal empirical method. Critical rationalism argues for the ability of science to increase the scope of testable knowledge, but at the same time against its [[authority]], by emphasizing its inherent [[fallibilism|fallibility]]. It proposes that science should be content with the rational elimination of errors in its theories, not in seeking for their verification (such as claiming certain or probable proof or disproof; both the proposal and falsification of a theory are only of methodological, conjectural, and tentative character in critical rationalism). [[Instrumentalism]] rejects the concept of truth and emphasizes merely the utility of theories as instruments for explaining and predicting phenomena.
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== Mathematics and the scientific method ==
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[[Image:Bose Einstein condensate.png|right|thumb|300px|Velocity-distribution data of a gas of [[rubidium]] atoms, confirming the discovery of a new phase of matter, the [[Bose–Einstein condensate]].]]
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[[Mathematics]] is essential to many sciences. One important function of mathematics in science is the role it plays in the expression of scientific ''models''. Observing and collecting measurements, as well as hypothesizing and predicting, often require mathematical models and extensive use of mathematics. Mathematical branches most often used in science include [[calculus]] and [[statistics]], although virtually every branch of mathematics has applications, even "pure" areas such as [[number theory]] and [[topology]]. Mathematics is fundamental to the understanding of the natural sciences and the social sciences, all of which rely heavily on statistics.  Statistical methods, comprised of accepted mathematical formulas for summarizing data, allow scientists to assess the level of reliability and the range of variation in experimental results.
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Whether mathematics itself is properly classified as science has been a matter of some debate.  Some thinkers see mathematicians as scientists, regarding physical experiments as inessential or mathematical proofs as equivalent to experiments. Others do not see mathematics as a science, since it does not require experimental test of its theories and hypotheses.  In practice, mathematical [[theorem]]s and [[formula]]s are obtained by [[Mathematical logic|logic]]al derivations which presume [[axiom]]atic systems, rather than a combination of [[empirical]] observation and method of reasoning that has come to be known as [[scientific method]].  In general, mathematics is classified as [[formal science]], while natural and social sciences are classified as [[empirical]] sciences.
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== Scientific literature ==
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An enormous range of [[scientific literature]] is published.  [[Scientific journal]]s communicate and document the results of research carried out in universities and various other research institutions.
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Most scientific journals cover a single scientific field and publish the research within that field; the research is normally expressed in the form of a [[scientific paper]]. Science has become so pervasive in modern societies that it is generally considered necessary to communicate the achievements, news, and ambitions of scientists to a wider populace.
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[[Science magazine]]s such as [[NewScientist|New Scientist]] and [[Scientific American]] cater to the needs of a much wider readership and provide a non-technical summary of popular areas of research, including notable discoveries and advances in certain fields of research.  [[Science book]]s engage the interest of many more people.
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Tangentially, [[science fiction]], primarily fantastic in nature, engages the public imagination and transmits the ideas, if not the methods, of science.
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== Fields of science ==
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Science is broadly subdivided into the categories of [[natural science]]s and the [[social science]]s. There are also related disciplines that are grouped into interdisciplinary and applied sciences, such as [[engineering]] and [[health science]]. Within these categories are specialized scientific fields that can include elements of other scientific disciplines but often possess their own terminology and body of expertise.<ref>See: {{cite web
| author=Editorial Staff | date=March 7, 2007
| url=http://www.seedmagazine.com/news/2007/03/scientific_method_relationship.php
| title=Scientific Method: Relationships among Scientific Paradigms
| publisher=Seed magazine | accessdate=2007-09-12 }}</ref>
 
The status of social sciences as an empirical science has been a matter of debate since the 20th century, see [[Positivism dispute]].<ref>Critical examination of various positions on this issue can be found in [[Karl R. Popper]]'s ''The Poverty of Historicism''.</ref> Discussion and debate abound in this topic with some fields like the social and behavioural sciences accused by critics of being unscientific. In fact, many groups of people from academicians like Nobel Prize physicist [[Percy W. Bridgman]],<ref>{{cite journal
| last = Siepmann | first = J. P.
| title=What is Science? (Editorial)
| journal=Journal of Theoretics
| year=1999 | volume=3
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998RPPh...61...77K
| accessdate=2007-07-23 }}</ref> or Dick Richardson, Ph.D.—Professor of Integrative Biology at the [[University of Texas at Austin]],<ref>{{cite web
| last=Richardson | first=R. H. (Dick) | date=January 28, 2001
| url=http://www.sbs.utexas.edu/resource/onlinetext/Definitions/economicsNOTscience.htm
| title=Economics is NOT Natural Science! (It is technology of Social Science.)
| publisher=The University of Texas at Austin
| accessdate=2007-07-23 }}</ref> to politicians like U.S. Senator [[Kay Bailey Hutchison]] and other co-sponsors,<ref>{{cite web
| author=Staff | date=May 19, 2006
| url=http://www.asanet.org/page.ww?section=Advocacy&name=Social+Sciences+Under+Attack
| title=Behavioral and Social Science Are Under Attack in the Senate
| publisher=American Sociological Association
| accessdate=2007-07-23 }}</ref> oppose giving their support or agreeing with the use of the label "science" in some fields of study and knowledge they consider non-scientific, ambiguous, or scientifically irrelevant compared with other fields.
 
==Scientific institutions==
[[Image:Académie des Sciences 1671.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Louis XIV]] visiting the {{lang|fr|[[French Academy of Sciences|Académie des sciences]]}} in 1671.]]
 
[[Learned society|Learned societies]] for the communication and promotion of scientific thought and experimentation have existed since the [[Renaissance]] period.<ref>{{cite web
| last=Parrott
| first=Jim
| date=August 9, 2007
| url=http://www.scholarly-societies.org/1599andearlier.html
| title=Chronicle for Societies Founded from 1323 to 1599
| publisher=Scholarly Societies Project
| accessdate=2007-09-11
}}</ref> The oldest surviving institution is the {{lang|it|''[[Accademia dei Lincei]]''}} in [[Italy]].<ref>{{cite web
| year=2006
| url=http://positivamente.lincei.it/
| title=Benvenuto nel sito dell'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei
| language=Italian
| publisher=Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei
| accessdate=2007-09-11
}}</ref> National [[Academy of Sciences]] are distinguished institutions that exist in a number of countries, beginning with the British ''[[Royal Society]]'' in 1660<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=2176
| title=Brief history of the Society
| publisher=The Royal Society
| accessdate=2007-09-11
}}</ref> and the French {{lang|fr|''[[Académie des Sciences]]''}} in 1666.<ref>{{cite web
| first=G.G. | last=Meynell
| url=http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=2176
| title=The French Academy of Sciences, 1666-91: A reassessment of the French Académie royale des sciences under Colbert (1666-83) and Louvois (1683-91)
| publisher=Topics in Scientific & Medical History
| accessdate=2007-09-11
}}</ref>
 
International scientific organizations, such as the ''[[International Council for Science]]'', have since been formed to promote cooperation between the scientific communities of different nations. More recently, influential government agencies have been created to support scientific research, including the ''[[National Science Foundation]]'' in the [[United States|U.S.]]
 
Other prominent organizations include:
* In Australia, [[CSIRO]]
* In France, {{lang|fr|[[Centre national de la recherche scientifique]]}}
* In Germany, [[Max Planck Society]] and {{lang|de|[[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]]}}
* In Spain, [[CSIC]]
* In Russia, [[Russian Academy of Sciences]]
 
== See also ==
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: ''Main lists: [[List of basic science topics]] and [[List of science topics]]''
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:.5em; font-size:90%;"
!Controversy
|
* [[Fringe science]]
* [[Junk science]]
* [[Pathological science]]
* [[Pseudoscience]]
* [[Relationship between religion and science]]
* [[Creation-evolution controversy]]
* [[Scientific misconduct]]
* [[Scientific skepticism]] (cf. [[Pseudoskepticism]])
|-
!History
|
* [[History of science and technology]]
* [[Historiography of science]]
* [[Protoscience]]
* [[Scientific constants named after people]]
* [[Scientific laws named after people]]
* [[Scientific phenomena named after people]]
* [[Scientific revolution]]
* [[Scientific units named after people]]
|-
!Philosophy
|
* [[Philosophy of science]]
* [[Rhetoric of science]]
* [[Scientific method]]
* [[Antiscience]]
|}
* [[History of science]] (how the various fields of science came to be)
* [[Scientist]] (lists of people active in each of these fields)
* [[Engineering]] (natural science applied)
* [[Fields of science]]
* [[Knowledge]] (goal of science)
* [[List of inventors]]
* [[List of publications in science]]
* [[Mathematics]] (complements science, and is its main tool)
* [[Military funding of science]]
* [[Perfection]]
* [[Philosophy]] (foundation of inquiry)
** [[Philosophy of science]] (foundation of science)
*** [[Karl Popper]]
* [[Politics]] (social science applied)
* [[Scientific computing]]
* [[Scientific data archiving]]
* [[Scientific enterprise]]
* [[Scientific materialism]]
* [[Technology]] (result of science)
* [[Science and technology]]
{{-}}
 
==Notes==
<references/>
 
==References==
*Feyerabend, Paul K. 2005. ''Science, history of the philosophy of.'' Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford.
*Papineau, David. 2005. ''Science, problems of the philosophy of.'' Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford.
*{{cite book
| last = Popper
| first = Karl
| authorlink = Karl Popper
| title = The Logic of Scientific Discovery
| origyear = 1959
| edition = 2nd English edition
| year = 2002
| publisher = Routledge Classics
| location = New York, NY
| isbn = 0-415-27844-9
| oclc =59377149
| pages = 3
}}
*Richard P. Feynman. "The Pleasure of Finding Things Out"
 
==Further reading==
* [http://lipas.uwasa.fi/~ts/popsci.html A Book List of Popularized Natural and Behavioral Sciences]
* Baxter, Charles {{PDFlink|[http://www.adihome.org/phpshop/pdf/articles/DIN_02_01_10.pdf "Myth versus science in educational systems"]|66.4&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 68033 bytes -->}}
* "''[http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-57 Classification of the Sciences]''". Dictionary of the History of Ideas.
* Cole, K. C., ''Things your teacher never told you about science: Nine shocking revelations'' [[Newsday]], [[Long Island, New York]], March 23, 1986, pg 21+
* Feynman, Richard [http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/51/02/CargoCult.pdf "Cargo Cult Science"]
* Krige, John, and Dominique Pestre, eds., ''Science in the Twentieth Century'', Routledge 2003, ISBN 0-415-28606-9
* MacComas, William F. {{PDFlink|[http://earthweb.ess.washington.edu/roe/Knowability_590/Week2/Myths%20of%20Science.pdf "The principal elements of the nature of science: Dispelling the myths"]|189&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 194054 bytes -->}} Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California. Direct Instruction News. '''Spring 2002''' 24–30.
* [http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/nature/index.shtml "Nature of Science"] University of California Museum of Paleontology
* {{cite book| last = Obler | first = Paul C. | coauthors = Estrin, Herman A. | title = The New Scientist: Essays on the Methods and Values of Modern Science | publisher = Anchor Books, Doubleday | date = 1962}}
 
==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Science}}
'''Journals'''
* [http://www.sciencemag.org/ Science]
* [http://www.newscientist.com/ New Scientist]
* [http://www.sciam.com/ Scientific American]
 
'''Textbooks''':
* "''[[b:GCSE Science|GSCE Science textbook]]''". [[Wikibooks]].org
* [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=books Bookshelf]
 
'''News''':
* [http://www.newscientist.com Current Events]. [[New Scientist]] Magazine, Reed Business Information, Ltd.
* [http://www.sciencedaily.com ScienceDaily]
* [http://www.discovermagazine.com Discover Magazine]
 
'''Resources''':
* [http://www.vega.org.uk/ The Vega Science Trust] Hours of science video including scientific lectures (Feynman, Kroto, Davis, etc.), discussions (nanotechnology, GM, stem cells, etc.), career programmes, interviews with Nobel Laureates, and school resources.
* [http://www.science.gov United States Science Initiative]. Selected science information provided by U.S. Government agencies, including research and development results.
* [http://www.scienceresourceonline.com Science Resources]
 
'''Fun science''':
* [http://www.bayerus.com/MSMS/fun/index.html Science Fun for Kids]
* [http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/ ScienceMadeSimple Resources]
* [http://www.cafeintellect.com/index.php Who was the greatest Scientist ever?]
* [http://www.sciencecastle.com/ Live Science Experiments and Easy Science Experiments for Kids]
* [http://www.null-hypothesis.co.uk Null Hypothesis, the Journal of Unlikely Science] Fun, interesting, wacky science
* [http://www.scientificameriken.com Scientific AmeriKen]: Delving into all the sciences for the purpose of gathering statistics and knowledge for the benefit of mankind.
* http://www.tryengineering.org Features "Ask an Engineer," engineering games, college searches, and other resources for students, parents, and teachers
* [http://www.twis.org This Week in Science] Radio show that gives a hip and irreverent take on current science news.
* [http://scienceprojects4kids.net/ Science Projects for Kids] Easy and fun science projects that you can try at home with your kids. Great ideas for science fair projects!
* [http://sciencemadefun.org.uk Science Made Fun: Making science fun for people of all ages!]
 
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[[el:Επιστήμη]]
[[es:Ciencia]]
[[eo:Scienco]]
[[eu:Zientzia]]
[[fa:علم]]
[[fr:Science]]
[[fur:Sience]]
[[gd:Saidheans]]
[[gl:Ciencia]]
[[gu:વિજ્ઞાન]]
[[zh-classical:格致]]
[[hak:Khô-ho̍k]]
[[ko:과학]]
[[hi:विज्ञान]]
[[hr:Znanost]]
[[io:Cienco]]
[[bpy:বিজ্ঞান]]
[[id:Ilmu]]
[[ia:Scientia]]
[[is:Vísindi]]
[[it:Scienza]]
[[he:מדע]]
[[kn:ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ]]
[[ka:მეცნიერება]]
[[csb:Ùczba]]
[[kw:Godhonieth]]
[[sw:Sayansi]]
[[kg:Kizabu]]
[[ht:Syans]]
[[ku:Zanist]]
[[la:Scientia]]
[[lv:Zinātne]]
[[lb:Wëssenschaft]]
[[lt:Mokslas]]
[[li:Weitesjap]]
[[jbo:saske]]
[[hu:Tudomány]]
[[mk:Наука]]
[[ml:ശാസ്ത്രം]]
[[mt:Xjenza]]
[[ms:Sains]]
[[mn:Шинжлэх ухаан]]
[[nl:Wetenschap]]
[[ne:विज्ञान]]
[[ja:科学]]
[[pih:Saiens]]
[[no:Vitenskap]]
[[nn:Vitskap]]
[[nrm:Scienche]]
[[uz:Fan]]
[[nds:Wetenschop]]
[[pl:Nauka]]
[[pt:Ciência]]
[[ro:Ştiinţă]]
[[ru:Наука]]
[[sm:Saienisi]]
[[sq:Shkenctari]]
[[scn:Scienza]]
[[simple:Science]]
[[sk:Veda]]
[[sl:Znanost]]
[[sr:Наука]]
[[sh:Nauka]]
[[su:Élmu]]
[[fi:Tiede]]
[[sv:Vetenskap]]
[[tl:Agham]]
[[ta:அறிவியல்]]
[[th:วิทยาศาสตร์]]
[[vi:Khoa học]]
[[tr:Bilim]]
[[uk:Наука]]
[[ur:سائنس]]
[[vec:Sienzsa]]
[[wa:Syince]]
[[wo:Xam-xam]]
[[yi:וויסנשאפט]]
[[yo:Sáyẹ́nsì]]
[[zh-yue:科學]]
[[bat-smg:Muokslos]]
[[zh:科学]]

Revision as of 20:13, 24 January 2008